History Trail

Though mostly gone today, Indianola, Texas, was once one of the most important Texas ports along the Gulf of Mexico. Established in 1846 by Sam Addison White and William M. Cook. The first settlement was called Indian Point. At the eastern end of the southern Chihuahua Trail, the military road to San Antonio, Austin, and Chihuahua, Mexico, as well as the road to San Diego, the town was destined to grow quickly. Anglo-American landowners surveyed the site and began selling lots in 1846, and a year later, a post office was opened in September 1847.

Very close to Indian Point already sat a small German settlement founded in 1844 called Karlshaven. German immigrant Johann Schwarts built the first house in 1845.

Stagecoach service began in the settlement in 1848 as Indian Point became firmly established as a deep-water port. Soon, it became the chief port through which European and American immigrants flowed into western Texas.

As Indian Point grew and merged with the nearby settlement of Karlshaven, the two towns became one and changed their name to Indianola in February 1849, by combining the word Indian with “ola,” the Spanish word for wave. With its rapid growth, the town soon expanded three miles down the beach to Powderhorn Bayou when Indianola was chosen as the terminus to Charles Morgan’s New York-based steamship line.

In 1852, Indianola was made the Calhoun County seat, and the first newspaper, called The Indianola Bulletin, was established by John Henry Brown. Other newspapers soon followed, including the Courier, the Times, and the Indianolan. In 1853, the town was officially incorporated, and a new hospital was established called the City Hospital.

By 1860, the port town, which had quickly rivaled nearby Port Lavaca, had grown to over a thousand people. Though its economy was not based on the plantation culture and few slaves were part of the settlement, the residents voted by a large majority for Texas secession at the start of the Civil War. Calhoun County volunteers became part of the Third Texas Infantry of the Confederate Army. Others from the area joined the Indianola Guards or the Lavaca Guards, which became part of Company A of the Sixth Texas Infantry.

A prime target for the Union, Indianola was bombarded by Union gunboats on October 26, 1862. Afterward, it was looted and occupied for a month before the Union forces withdrew. However, they returned in November 1863 and seized the city again, where they remained until 1864.

By 1870, over 2,000 people inhabited the port city as Indianola grew in importance as a military depot and became the second-largest port in Texas. Railroad service from Indianola to the interior began in 1871, and by 1875, Indianola supported a population of more than 5,000 people.

Indianola was at the peak of her prosperity when the first hurricane struck the port city. At sea level, the town was highly vulnerable to tropical storms, and on September 16, 1875, it was hit by 110-mile-an-hour winds which blew the town away. Though much of the town was rebuilt, its damage and economy would never quite recover.

The population began to decline, and by 1880 less than 2,000 people remained. A second hurricane struck on August 19, 1886, that was even more destructive than the first. After this second disaster, the town was not rebuilt. In 1887, the county seat and post office were moved to Port Lavaca. The population of Indianola scattered, many of them also moving to Port Lavaca.

In 1878 the Southern Pacific Railroad bought out the property of the Morgan Lines, which had been headquartered at Indianola since the 1850s, and in 1887 reopened the war-damaged railroad. This development and the growth of other railroads across the state reduced Port Lavaca from a major seaport to a fishing center.

Today, Indianola is called home to only a little more than 100 souls. Indianola is located in Calhoun County on the Texas Gulf Coast, about ten miles from Port Lavaca on Highway 316.